I'm preparing to do a presentation on St. Andrews Bay's Confederate salt works in a couple of months and hope to put together a chronology of all the events around St. Andrews Bay from the time Lincoln proclaimed his blockade until Reconstruction but I'm a little SCATTERED rite now as you'll see if you click on this link to one of my blogs. https://reclaimalabama.blogspot.com/2019/02/blog-post_14.html

https://www.newsherald.com/1.130102 Marlene Womack salt

battle of newton http://southernhistory.blogspot.com/2012/08/two-forgotten-alabama-battles-of-civil.html

1837 FLORIDA INDIAN CRISIS https://www.jstor.org/stable/30147524?read-now=1&seq=7#page_scan_tab_contents

1861 PENSACOLA FUGITIVE SLAVES https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-389799089/interracialism-and-revolution-on-the-southern-frontier

St. Andrews Salt https://www.navyandmarine.org/ondeck/1862saltraids.htm

U.S.S. Sagamore https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Sagamore_(1861)

September 12, 1862: first St. Andrews Bay raid

Unadilla-class gunboat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unadilla-class_gunboat

November 14, 1862 Lieutenant Hart of the USS Albatross https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Albatross_(1858)

December 1863: W.R. Browne U.S.S. Restless https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Restless_(1861)

U.S.S. Bloomer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Bloomer_(1856)

April 16, 1864 Restless

1st Florida Cavalry

https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=6819&context=etd

I have 16 different blogs and ROBERTOREG tends to tie them all together but GOOGLE is imperfect. The two that you are probably most interested in are ZERO, NORTHWEST FLORIDA and ROCK PILGRIMAGE. Both blogs have hundreds of posts.


ZERO, NORTHWEST FLORIDA https://robertoreg.blogspot.com/

ROCK PILGRIMAGE https://rockpilgrimage.blogspot.com/

Here's the GOOGLE search for "Tommy Mann" robertoreg https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=8RJoXLeQIaSs_Qb63KqICg&q=%22Tommy+Mann%22+robertoreg&btnK=Google+Search&oq=%22Tommy+Mann%22+robertoreg&gs_l=psy-ab.3..33i160l2.11819.20199..21178...2.0..0.1035.4197.1j23j1j7-1......0....1..gws-wiz.....0..35i39j0j0i131j0i10j0i22i30.eV_x_t2juZs

Best,
r

When the Confederacy began experiencing a salt famine after Lincoln began his naval blockade,  the Governor of Alabama, along with ten other southern governors, appointed salt commissioners who traveled to Saltville, Virginia, to make contracts to buy salt and to learn what it took to make table salt out of salt water. Alabama established three salt works at wells in Clarke County (Grove Hill) as well as State of Alabama-owned salt furnaces on West Bay.

2014 PANAMA CITY LIVING article https://panamacityliving.com/civil-war-salt-makers-st-andrews-bay-salt-earth/

Confederate Salt December 1863 raid http://civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com/2013/12/st-andrews-bay-salt-works-raids.html

Salt Wars https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/26/the-salt-wars/

St. Andrews Salt Works Raid https://www.floridamemory.com/blog/2012/07/25/needs-more-salt/

SUPER ARTICLE BOHIO https://books.google.com/books?id=WHdEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA207&lpg=PA207&dq=%22salt+works%22+%22St.+Andrews+Bay%22&source=bl&ots=uRU8LDXiYo&sig=ACfU3U0L5uc9EL8R9186di7GI_8Bb5sHnw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjM6KrGz9TgAhUkVd8KHfCYAwk4FBDoATAEegQIBhAB#v=onepage&q=%22salt%20works%22%20%22St.%20Andrews%20Bay%22&f=false

ANOTHER SUPER ARTICLE! https://www.navyandmarine.org/ondeck/1862saltraids.htm

https://www.newsherald.com/1.130102 Marlene Womack salt

battle of Newton http://southernhistory.blogspot.com/2012/08/two-forgotten-alabama-battles-of-civil.html

SMOKEHOUSE DIRT by Robert Morgan https://reclaimalabama.blogspot.com/2019/02/smokehouse-dirt-by-robert-morgan-shadow.html

U.S.S. BLOOMER https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Bloomer_(1856)

George E.Buker https://books.google.com/books/about/Blockaders_Refugees_and_Contrabands.html?id=_5w-CgAAQBAJ

EAST BAY SALT WORKS http://www.newsherald.com/article/20150920/LIFESTYLE/150919163

1862 St. Andrews Bay https://reclaimalabama.blogspot.com/2018/11/from-page-313-of-official-records-of.html

1864 St. Andrews Bay https://reclaimalabama.blogspot.com/2018/11/from-page-695-of-report-of-acting.html

1916 ENTRANCE OF ST. ANDREWS BAY https://reclaimalabama.blogspot.com/2018/11/from-page-78-of-united-states-coastal.html

Clippings from the January 28, 1863 SOUTHERN ADVERTISER (Troy) deal with a resolution by the citizens of Coffee County supporting Alabama Governor Shorter call for a draft to raise troops to protect the salt makers of the Gulf Coast. This alarm was produced by the Yankee raid on Geneva the month before where the steamboat Bloomer was captured and taken to East Pass (present-day Destin) to support the U.S. Navy post there that was supporting Union sympathizers, deserters and fugitive slaves. In December of the same year this front page article was published, the Yankees burned the entire town of St. Andrews and did over $3,000,000 damage to the salt works on the bay. The U.S.S. Bloomer which had been armed by the West Gulf Blockading Squadron was used in support of this U.S. Navy offensive by the East Gulf Blockading Squadron. The fourth clipping is from Page 2 of the same paper. It is a tax sale notice placed by my Great-Great Grandfather, Geneva's John Young Register. (My Grandpa Register was named after him. I'm named after him and my son is named after him)

George Mortimer West's description of the history of the entrance of St. Andrews Bay https://reclaimalabama.blogspot.com/2018/12/heres-edited-version-of-george-mortimer.html

Scarlett:

But you are a blockade runner.

Rhett Butler:
For profit, and profit only.

Scarlett:
Are you tryin' to tell me you don't believe in the cause?

Rhett Butler:
I believe in Rhett Butler, he's the only cause I know.

(During WWII, Clark Gable trained @ Tyndall)

http://civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com/2013/12/st-andrews-bay-salt-works-raids.html

As many of you know, J.P. Folkes, a Dothan pioneer who was the original owner of much of the property present-day downtown Dothan is built upon, came to Poplar Head after working as a salt maker on St. Andrews Bay during the Civil War. Well, there are many other Southeast Alabama connections to the Confederate salt works on St. Andrews Bay. On the morning of December 10, 1863, the guns of the U.S.S. Restless fired upon the town of St. Andrews and burned the whole place to the ground. On the same day the U.S.S. Bloomer carried Yankee raiders up West Bay to destroy the Confederate salt works on West Bay. One year earlier the Yankees out of Pensacola had invaded Alabama and stolen the Bloomer from where it was docked at Geneva. At the time of the December 1863 raid on West Bay, Abbeville's  JAMES AUGUSTUS CLENDINEN was in charge of the Confederate government's salt works there. https://www.navyandmarine.org/ondeck/1862saltraids.htm

Everybody knows no battles that could have changed the course of the Civil War occurred  around St. Andrews Bay or Panama City Beach but the Union naval blockade and the United States' continued attacks upon the salt makers of present-day Bay County to eliminate the supply of salt represents, in my humble opinion, the GREATEST CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO THE CONFEDERATE DEFEAT. The study of the Confederacy's salt famine gives new meaning to the terms "dirt poor" or "salt of the earth". (newspaper clippings need to be added from the 1880s to tell the story of how Southerners made their salt from smokehouse dirt. )http://www.historynet.com/insight-ahead-her-time.htm

 In the end, insisted Lonn, the “fact that salt could become a major problem to the confederacy reveals strikingly its complete dependence on outside sources for primary needs and emphasizes that fact as the most serious of its disadvantages in the unequal struggle.”


https://www.jstor.org/stable/30151279?read-now=1&googleloggedin=true&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents

The location of the coast survey map makers 1854-1855 astronomical observatory on the east point of Hurricane Island was listed as LATITUDE 30 degrees 4 minutes 23 seconds and LONGITUDE 85 degrees 38 minutes 36 seconds. According to John A. Burgess in 1985,"On current navigational maps a piling is listed very near these coordinates in the open channel approximately one mile east south-east of the present day land's end (eastern tip of today's Shell Island). This corresponds with the probable location of a wharf and barracks built by Union forces on the north side of the island during the Civil War. These forces were an effective blockading effort by the Union Army to keep the channel closed to Confederate use. They even built a small prison camp and a cemetery here. Also, the site served as a place of refuge for Union sympathizers who came to the coast seeking help from the Union blockading force."   https://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/323050

"NO NEW TABS"
Sign in the Chukker, October 25th, 1971

When the stranger swung into this dark
butt-littered bar, draped his white
weird toga, or whatever, over a stool,
and ordered Miller's Malt, no one was
perturbed (it being late, and most of us dead
drunk). But when he said "No bread,"
a hush fell like a flatiron. "No new tabs,"
Mark said, and gestured. The stranger
scratched his beard, his blue eyes slow
and casual as swimming pools.
"Lookee here," said the stranger, "I don't know
how long it takes you necks to get the papers,
but I'm the son of God, and I could turn
this Miller into wine; but I'm inclined
to turn you and your buddies into Ovaltine.
What do you say? I'm kind of in a hurry."
One skinny arm reached out of Mark's white shirt,
shaking, and tore the sign down.
A row of white teeth chattered and chattered, and
said,
"Here at the Chukker,
if nothing else, we believe. More to the point,
you gotta make exceptions. What about another?"
Brushing the sticky halo from his hair,
he went to fetch it.

by Rette Maddox 

(the attached link has a TON OF CHUKKER STUFF on it but ya gotta scroll down about half way before it begins) http://robertoreg.blogspot.com/2008_06_15_archive.html

SMOKEHOUSE DIRT by Robert Morgan

The shadow of the meat-hung roof puddles 
sterile as the site of Carthage. Rain will 
lick away the savor in about 
a century. The light cannot feel at 

home on this ground for a while, nor rabbits 
warm here at a hearth of vegetation. 

The scald won’t even 
hold a drop of snow, but eats away the lush crystals fast as heat. 

Where the smoked ham sweated and fatback wept 
its oils, and molasses cooked 
down to plasma in jars, erosion 

rubs brine in the wound same as a pissbum 
in the pasture. The lye tub drooled its 
whey also. Hunger has left a tear 
track, recondite among the thickets.... Let it 

scab and fur over on its own 
and offer no crop bigger than dew 
and the beadwork of berrypicking. 

My secret pleasure: to come and watch 
these shoots work up 
their honey from bitter clay. 

Lichen gardens improve the scars, 
patching over history. I offer 
the land my leisure.

Tommy Mann of the K-Otics on what it was like to have a hit record, DOUBLE SHOT OF MY BABY'S LOVE during the spring of '66: https://rockpilgrimage.blogspot.com/

DOUBLE SHOT OF MY BABY'S LOVE by the K-OTICS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CRp0UlQeUQ

'

from page 82 of Willie Moseley's THE ATLANTA RHYTHM SECTION: THE AUTHORIZED HISTORY:

[Guitarist Marvin] Taylor also recalled a SOUND OF THE SOUTH showcase in July at Richards that he attended with members of the A.R.S.

"Me and Robert Nix and Dean Daughtry were at Studio One hanging out," Taylor remembered,"and somebody said that Al Kooper was having a record party at Richards. We kind of said, 'Well, big deal.'  There was some band Al brought in from California called ELIJAH, and MOSE JONES, and LYNYRD SKYNYRD. We were kind of  'Been there, heard that."

"Then we were told that the original Old Hickory House [barbecue restaurant] was catering, and we were off to Richards quick! We got three seats right down by the stage and stuffed our faces with barbecue. ELIJAH was really good; they were like SANTANA with horns. When SKYNYRD came on, they were amazing; maybe the best I ever heard. Ronnie [Van Zant] had on a t-shirt that said, 'Sweet Home Alabama'; I'm from Alabama but didn't know where Sweet Home was. It was an incredible show. When MOSE JONES played, Al Kooper jammed with them." https://rockpilgrimage.blogspot.com/

from the April 25, 1966 MIAMI NEWS

from the April 6, 1966 NEW YORK DAILY NEWS

from April 25, 1966 MIAMI NEWS

from the July 7, 1966 ANNISTON STAR


Tommy Mann of the K-Otics on what it was like to have a hit record, DOUBLE SHOT OF MY BABY'S LOVE during the spring of '66:

Will it change anything? No, of course not, but each time I`ve mentioned that we were the hit group in Miami, people think it`s wishful thinking

or I`m lying. Bob Brennan even mentioned he could not find anything about us in Miami. Anyway

here we go:

PAGE 16, DATE APRIL 23, 1966- THE K-OTICS ENTER THE CHART AT 
#39. THE POSITION IT`S IN IS 29, DON`T KNOW WHY.

THE MEDALLIONS ARE NOT MENTIONED.                 

page 16 of the April 23, 1966 BILLBOARD

PAGE 16, DATE MAY 7 , 1966    -THE K-OTICS GO TO #21 THE MEDALLIONS COME IN AT # 36.

page 16 of the May 7, 1966 BILLBOARD

MAY 14, 1966 – THE K-OTICS ARE AT # 7, THE MEDALLIONS ARE AT # 21

page 52 of the May 14, 1966 BILLBOARD

THAT`S THE CHARTS. NEXT, OTHER PAGES FROM BILLBOARD

APRIL 23 ,1966 PAGE 50 – THE K-OTICS BREAKOUT IN THE MIAMI MARKET.

page 50 of the April 23, 1966 BILLBOARD

APRIL 23 , PAGE 18 – THE K-OTICS ARE PREDICTED TO REACH THE UNITED STATES HOT 100 CHART. THIS MEANS

MORE THAN JUST THE MIAMI MARKET !

page 18 of the April 23, 1966 BILLBOARD

page 18 of the April 23, 1966 BILLBOARD

BILLBOARD FULL PAGE PROBABLY MAY 21 , 1966 – THE K-OTICS ARE ON THE FULL PAGE WITH THE EXCITERS, WHO ARE

BREAKING OUT ONLY IN A COUPLE OF MARKETS. THE REFERENCE TO US IS “THE K-OTICS ARE BUSTING WIDE OPEN

NATIONALLY” I TALKED TO BERT BERNS THAT WEEK AND HE SAID THAT WAS VERY IMPORTANT FOR US AS A GROUP.

HE WAS IN THE PROCESS OF LOSING NEAL DIAMOND AS BANG`S LEADING ACT AND WANTED VERY MUCH TO HAVE US

UP THERE WITH THE MCCOYS. HE HEARD US PLAY IN THE LOWER FLORIDA AREA AND SAID FOR ONLY FIVE MEMBERS WE

MIGHT BE THE BEST HE EVER HEARD. HE SAID WHEN HE MENTIONED THE EXCITERS BREAKING OUT IN JUST AREAS AND WE

WERE NATIONALLY, HE WAS SENDING A MESSAGE TO THE MUSIC WORLD WE WOULD BE A BIG NAME GROUP IN A FEW WEEKS!

THERE WAS ANOTHER RECORD RESEARCH THAT I HAD NOT SEEN UNTIL TWO YEARS AGO? THAT SHOWS THE K-OTICS IN THE

TOP 20 IN HARTFORD CONN., FLINT MICHIGAN ( DETROIT MARKET ? ), ANOTHER PLACE IN MICHIGAN AS WELL AS A PLACE IN

IDAHO OR WASHINGTON. WHEN THE OLDIES STATIONS STARTED POPPING UP AROUND THE COUNTRY I WOULD HEAR THE

K-OTICS RECORD ON THOSE STATIONS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY. I TRAVELED EXTENSIVELY FOR TWENTY YEARS

AS PART OF MY JOB. FLEW INTO LOS ANGELES IN THE 80`S , RENTED A CAR AND DROVE ACROSS THE STATE AND HEARD US ON

THE RADIO. SAME IN TEXAS, OKLAHOMA, CHICAGO ETC. WHY, I DON`T KNOW!

page 16 of the May 7, 1966 BILLBOARD

page 52 of the May 14, 1966 BILLBOARD

page 52 of the May 14, 1966 BILLBOARD

page 16 of the April 23, 1966 BILLBOARD