Sanders family, Garrard Crossroads and Girard Avenue

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/31763532/joseph-garrard-sanders

 

 

 

This article was published in the September-October 2013 issue of PANAMA CITY LIVING MAGAZINE Volume 8 Number 5

ROADHOUSE BLUES AT THE OLD DUTCH:

Good Time Memories That Last A Lifetime

And just a few you might want to forget…

“Yeah, keep your eyes on the road,

Your hands upon the wheel.

Keep your eyes on the road,

Your hands upon the wheel.

Yeah, we’re going to the Roadhouse.

We’re gonna have a real

Good time.”

~ ROADHOUSE BLUES by The Doors

The Old Dutch was the first bar ever built on Panama City Beach and for thirty five years, from 1940 until 1975, billed itself as “The Oldest Recreation and Pleasure Center On The Beach” and was the first on “America’s Finest Beach” to advertise to the public to “Eat, Drink, Dance & Make Merry In The Cool Gulf Breezes.” By the 1960s, the kitchen had all but closed except for short orders and the old bar and dance hall had gained fame as a Spring Break and summer vacation destination for college students all over the Deep South. In the words of Wilbur Walton, Jr.,” It was a Mecca for dancing, fighting and music; like the Wild West but without the guns.” Simply mention the three words “The Old Dutch” to most any aging Baby Boomer who went to college in the Deep South during the Sixties and you’ll put a smile on their face. There are exceptions to that rule as well. Many a relationship met a premature end in the alcoholic excesses that characterized The Old Dutch.

When you walked into the barroom of The Old Dutch, you felt as if you’d just stepped into a rustic Florida roadhouse time capsule lifted out of some Forties film noir classic. The bare cypress log walls were covered with various clocks, curios and stuffed hunting and fishing trophies; all crowned with a high ceiling of exposed rough cypress beams. As you entered you faced a huge stone fireplace, constructed from 113 tons of rock that could burn logs five feet long. The anchor of the old 160 ft. coastal freighter, Tarpon, sunk off Phillips Inlet in 1937, stood mounted on the mantelpiece. To the left was the unpolished bar made of cypress lumber and blackened by the tobacco and whiskey it had dispensed since 1940. Not only did The Old Dutch offer its hospitality to the Sixties college student but it had done the same thing for their grandparents in the Forties and for their parents in the Fifties.

The story of The Old Dutch began over 75 years ago when Sylvan Beach, New York’s Frank Burghduff pulled his “palatial” nineteen-and-a-half foot mahogany and steel travel trailer down Highway 98 for the first time and fell in love with Bay County’s beaches during the winter of 1936-’37. Burghduff and his wife, Etta, parked at the newly opened Sea Breeze Hotel near the Y. They made their headquarters in this first hotel on the beach to offer hot and cold running water and began meeting “the powers that be” in the St. Andrews Bay area.

Burghduff could not have chosen a more perfect time to arrive on the soon-to-be Miracle Strip than in the winter of 1936-’37. On the Panama City beaches time scale, this was equivalent with the “End of The Ice Age”. The Phillips Inlet Bridge had been recently completed in ’35, finally opening the Coastal Highway. J.B. Lahan had begun development of his Laguna Beach and Gid Thomas held his grand opening for his Panama City Beach on May 2, 1936. When the Coastal Highway Association was formed a few years later, Burghduff was recognized for his pioneering achievements to promote tourism and was elected secretary while only two other men were selected to represent the interest of the beaches: A.W. Pledger who was the son-in-law of deceased Panama City Beach founder Gid Thomas and J.E. Churchwell, the owner of Long Beach Resort.

Burghduff returned to the beaches in the winter of ’37-’38 and by 1939, after purchasing a piece of beachfront from Wells, Dunn, Hutchison, Bullock & Bennett, was ready to begin fulfilling his dream of building a one-of-a-kind beachside roadhouse. Unfortunately, while construction of The Old Dutch was underway, Burghduff’s wife, Etta, whose family was also from the Lake Oneida, N.Y. area, developed a partial paralysis and passed away in September after being transported to a hospital in Dothan. She was buried in Greenwood Cemetery along with Frank where both of their grave markers bear similar inscriptions, “Etta Burghduff -Wife & Pal” and “Frank Burghduff-Husband & Pal”.

When the summer season of 1940 commenced, The Old Dutch opened its newly constructed doors for the first time but with little fanfare. The first advertisement we find in the News-Herald is printed on September 28, 1940, inviting “Panama City Folks” to come out to the beach for “low winter prices” and listing “Special Meals, Cocktail to Dessert 75 cents, Seafood Grille 45 cents, Real Italian Spaghetti 35 cents, Western Steaks $1, $1.25, $1.50” This ad is significant because it’s the first time a Bay County restaurant ever advertised “Western Steaks”. At this time, the Florida cattle industry was in its infancy and most Americans considered Florida beef inferior and only good for the Cuban market.

In November of 1940, Burghduff began to purchase small ads in the local papers promoting weekend floor shows but his publicity machine really cranked up in December when he began broadcasting a short Friday afternoon program on radio station WDLP which was still in its first year of existence. Among the first to appear on this radio show promoting The Old Dutch was Neal McCormick and his Hawaiian Troubadours. McCormick, a Northwest Florida Creek Indian who had never even visited Hawaii, felt that the Hawaiian label went along well with his band’s pioneering use of the electric and steel guitars plus discrimination against Hawaiians was far less in the Deep South than it was against Indians. McCormick was the first to hire Hank Williams as a musician and there’s a good chance that a seventeen-year-old Hank Williams played with the Hawaiian Troubadours during the first New Years Eve show ever put on at The Old Dutch in 1940.

The first hint that there was going to be trouble in paradise for Burghduff occurred when a short comment was printed in a gossip column that appeared on the editorial page of the Panama City Pilot on Friday, July 18, 1941.  In “Our Town: Off the Record Bits and Views”, we read, “Apparently the sheriff’s office is going quietly about investigating the $700 burglary of

The Old Dutch Tavern last weekend. That office has a habit of going quietly about a good many things.” Not only was Burghduff missing his proceeds from the July 4 holiday but before Christmas, he ran an ad announcing to the public that they needed to “make reservations now for your Christmas party and New Years party”. Also included was the first of many more to come announcements of a change in management. The Old Dutch was now being run by Maud B. Meyers of the “Exclusive Spinning Wheel of Virginia, Specializing in Southern Fried and Bar-b-cued Chicken and Seafood.” More importantly, 1941 ushered in something far greater than a change of management. It brought WWII to the beaches.

A war with Germany put many Bay County tongues to wagging about the tavern keeper at the beach with the “German” name. In January, Burghduff had to take out a large ad in the News-Herald denying the “false and damnable rumors” about him being picked up by the FBI on several occasions because he was a Nazi spy with a short-wave radio.  He declared his pride in his “Dutch blood” and emphasized, “I AM AN AMERICAN CITIZEN 100%”.

But big ads in the local paper could not reverse the changes Burghduff faced on the home front due to the war effort. The influx of workers at Wainwright Shipyard and GIs at Tyndall Field could not make up for the fact that pleasure driving had been made illegal and the Old Dutch being located by the Gulf meant that all its lights had to be extinguished from sunset to sunrise. Being located ten miles out of town did not help in a world where everyone had to beg, borrow, barter and save ration stamps just to get gas and tires so they could go to work. Even ten buses running up and down the beach from downtown to Sunnyside twenty hours each day was not enough to prevent Frank from having to repeatedly run ads throughout 1942 and 1943 declaring that The Old Dutch really was “Open For Business”. By 1944, the pressure was too much and Burghduff packed up and sold out to Cliff Stiles, the manager of downtown’s Dixie-Sherman Hotel.

Cliff Stiles had arrived in Panama City during the fall of 1938 to take over the Dixie-Sherman after his hotel chain had purchased it. Stiles owned hotels all over the Southeast and in 1946, he purchased one of the largest hotels in Birmingham, The Redmont. Much of the talent that later appeared on the stage of The Old Dutch would be recruited from the Redmont.

From 1944 until 1950, not much was heard from The Old Dutch. Stiles kept a low profile and there were no promotions and no efforts to attract tourists. Construction on the beach exploded in the late Forties so that brought in business from the workers and Stiles remodeled the cypress log cabin and began building a motel around it. During its first ten years, this roadhouse was generally known as “The Old Dutch Tavern” and, occasionally, “The Old Dutch Inn” but after 1950, it was known almost exclusively as “The Old Dutch Inn” and by the mid-Sixties, “The Old Dutch Motel and Nightclub” or, more popularly, as simply, “The Old Dutch”.

The “Gala Opening” of The Old Dutch “under new management” occurred on April 22, 1950. The Joseph brothers out of Birmingham were brought in by Stiles to run the show and a variety of talent was recruited from the stage of the Redmont as well as the Joseph brothers own Jack-O-Lantern Club in Birmingham. It is not within the scope of this article to examine the careers of all the entertainers who performed on the stage of The Old Dutch but an excellent insight into the status of show business on the Gulf Coast in the middle of the twentieth century could be gained from a study of this variety of musicians, dancers, acrobats and comedians.

The management of the Joseph brothers may not have contributed to the events of June 1952, but the arrest of The Old Dutch Hotel manager for embezzlement brought Auburn’s H.H. Lambert in as the new proprietor of the “air conditioned” Old Dutch Inn. Lambert lasted two years on the beach and when he turned in his keys in September of ’54, he returned to Auburn where he built the War Eagle Supper Club, an institution that continues to do business in the present day and which remains, in the words of singer Taylor Hicks, “a true southern roadhouse” that promotes itself with a slogan that could have been applied to the Old Dutch in its heyday: “Cold Beer. Hot Rock. Expect No Mercy.”

By 1957, Stiles had begun selling his old properties while acquiring Holiday Inn franchises. After building the first Gulfside Holiday Inn on property adjoining The Old Dutch on the west in ’63, he hired Betty Koehler to manage The Old Dutch Motel and Nightclub. As The Old Dutch acquired its reputation as the classic Panama City Beach bar during the Golden Age of Beach Music, Stiles began to sell his newly constructed Holiday Inns and he ceased to lease out the roadhouse’s premises to managers. Betty and Cliff worked together and formed a team that turned The Old Dutch into “a nickel silver plated money baling machine”.

Exotic dancers continued to perform during the Sixties but the “bread and butter” performers during the season were rock and roll bands composed of young guys in their late teens and early twenties. Any dreams they ever had of a summer filled with sun, surf, sand, beer and bikinis were crushed when they realized their schedule included at least eight sessions a week and as many as twelve a week during the week of July 4. Guitar players regularly changed out their strings every week from the wear that was enhanced by the salt air and sweat. These young musicians had to be dedicated and determined to show the world that they were special. During July 4th week, multiple bands were hired and after 1971, live entertainment began every day at noon and went on in continuous four hour shifts until 4 A.M. in the morning.

There was no such thing as a fire code in The Old Dutch and the dance hall often looked like a smoke filled cavern; packed to the walls, shoulder to shoulder. More than one musician who played there has made this remark using the same words, ”I didn’t know you could get that many people in a room.”

You grew up fast when you played The Old Dutch. Many a teenage guitar player witnessed his first striptease act standing behind the stripper while providing her with the music to which she was dancing. Many of the cocktail waitresses and Go-Go girls didn’t appreciate male affection and many musicians first witnessed their first open “display of affection” between a same-sex couple when the waitress’ short-haired “boyfriend” came to pick her up dressed in madras shirt, pressed khakis and penny loafers. The first time many a Tri-State male saw a woman go out in public without wearing a bra was at The Old Dutch. To craft your first fake I.D. and use it to get into The Old Dutch was a Gulf Coast rite of passage.

During the summer of ’65, a beach music classic was born on the dance floor of The Old Dutch. A band from South Alabama called the K-Otics were playing one week and during their breaks they visited the nearby Old Hickory where the Swingin’ Medallions were performing. The K-Otics loved “Double Shot of My Baby’s Love” and asked the Medallions if they planned to record it. The Medallions said, ”No,” so the K-Otics laid plans to cut the record. Later in the fall, the Medallions had a change of heart and recorded “Double Shot”. Both the Swingin’ Medallions and the K-Otics released their versions in the spring of ’66. The K-Otics had a regional hit and the Medallions’ record went national and the rest is history. Bruce Springsteen called “Double Shot”, “the greatest fraternity rock song of all time.” Columnist Bob Greene called it “the ultimate get-drunk-and-throw-up song. You heard it in every juke box in every bar in the world.” In 1993, Louis Grizzard wrote, ”Even today, when I hear ‘Double Shot of My Baby’s Love’, it makes me want to stand outside in the hot sun with a milkshake cup full of beer in one hand and a slightly drenched coed in the other.”

This article only scratches the surface on the story of The Old Dutch. Somebody needs to write a book about this old roadhouse. This is a story that transcends generations. The events of the four decades when The Old Dutch stood on the beach would chronicle the emergence of live entertainment on Panama City Beach.

This writer will never forget going to see a 60-something guitar player as he lay on his deathbed in a V.A. hospice. It was 2006 and Greg Haynes had published his giant thirteen pound book, THE HEEEY BABY DAYS OF BEACH MUSIC, with its 552 pages and 800 images. My friend forced himself out of his drug-induced coma so he could see the newly published book. He silently gazed at the pictures as I turned the pages for him. He held himself up as long as he possibly could and as I turned the page that had the image of The Old Dutch, he said, “Oh, I remember that place.” Those were his only words and I soon left and a few days later my friend passed away.

The Old Dutch passed away in 1975 due to damage produced by Hurricane Eloise and by the summer of ’76, it was ready for demolition.

The Old Dutch was built on shifting sand, moving each day in countless ways, reforming thousands of times. The beach itself never stands still yet The Old Dutch stood for over 35 years serving the migratory hordes of vacationers each summer. The memories of those excesses of so long ago were made within alcoholic oblivion but those memories of The Old Dutch are not lost. To my dying day, I’ll say, ”Oh, I remember that place.”

Finally got back to work on SECTION 4 of DEVIL MAKE A THIRD: 

Section 4 of DEVIL MAKE A THIRD is made up of Chapter 6, Chapter 7 and Interlude #4. This section describes the Bannon family move to Aven, Buck's scandalous relationship with Big Vic and Buck's leadership in laying out the street plan for the town of Aven. It's about August of 1890 so Buck is only 21 years old but in the three years since leaving home, Buck's general store and payday loan business in Aven have already made him a wealthy young man. 

Chapter 6 opens with Buck daydreaming while leaning up against a tree located across St. Simon Street from the big unpainted house he just finished building for his family to move into when they roll into town on their wagons later that afternoon. Buck served as architect, building materials supplier, construction supervisor and interior decorator for this project and he's justly proud of his accomplishment because the location of the Aven city block of land he bought to build it on was across the street from his store so he was able to work on the house without it interfering with business at his store. Buck tells himself,"A man oughtn't to live over two hoe handles from his business." 

Buck's life on the streets of Aven never changes the rural aphorisms that pepper his thoughts and his speech. "A hoe handle away" or "half a hoe handle away" was an expression familiar to most 19th-century American rural folk coast-to-coast to indicate close proximity.  For the rest of the novel, the contrast between "life in the country" and "life in Aven" will be highlighted by the Aven residents preferring their rural vocabulary and table fare to whatever current food and fashion that's being offered by their newly founded railroad town. Eighteen chapters later in the novel, this preference for "all things rural" by early Aven residents begins to drive the novel's action after Buck's mother receives notice that she has a terminal case of cancer.

https://reclaimalabama.blogspot.com/2022/07/section-4-of-devil-make-third-is-made.html

  Section 4 of DEVIL MAKE A THIRD is made up of Chapter 6, Chapter 7 and Interlude #4. This section describes the Bannon family move to Aven, Buck's scandalous relationship with Big Vic and Buck's leadership in laying out the street plan for the town of Aven. It's about August of 1890 so Buck is only 21 years old but in the three years since leaving home, Buck's general store and payday loan business in Aven have already made him a wealthy young man. 

One of the most important literary achievements of the novel DEVIL MAKE A THIRD is the synthesis of the maturation of a man named Buck Bannon with the simultaneous development of the railroad boom town of Aven. The time and place of this 30 year-long saga of American enterprise are a potential point of confusion for the reader because the first date mentioned in the book comes on page 215 and in the first 58 pages, the only clue as to the geographical location of Aven is that it is located in "a small corner of Alabama" that's probably a day's train ride away from Albany, Georgia. The author's avoidance of a narrow identification of his fictional places and characters may have been his attempt to have the reader view the events of the novel as events that could have occurred anywhere in which similar conditions prevailed and that the people portrayed in the book could exist wherever human beings live.

Any confusion produced by this intentional ambiguity fades away when one understands that the present-day city of Dothan, Alabama is called "Aven" in the novel. Anyone familiar with Dothan's people, history and geography has no problem understanding where the author found inspiration for the creation of his fictional place and characters. A literary critic in the September 12, 1948 ATLANTA CONSTITUTION stated it well when he wrote, "DEVIL MAKE A THIRD rings true as an exciting portrait of a strong man and a bustling town. Perhaps it is more so because of the author's peculiar qualifications. For Dougie Bailey is a native of Dothan, the locale of his  novel, and also comes from a family of strong men, any one of whom might have served as a pattern for Buck Bannon."

Chapter 6 opens with 21 year-old Buck daydreaming while leaning up against a tree located across St. Simon Street from the big unpainted house he just finished building for his family to move into when they roll into town on their wagons later that afternoon. Buck served as architect, building materials supplier, construction supervisor and interior decorator for this project and he's justly proud of his accomplishment because the location of the Aven city block of land he bought to build it on was across the street from his store so he was able to work on the house without it interfering with business at his store. Buck tells himself,"A man oughtn't to live over two hoe handles from his business." 

Buck's life on the streets of Aven never changes the rural aphorisms that pepper his thoughts and his speech. "A hoe handle away" or "half a hoe handle away" was an expression familiar to most 19th-century American rural folk coast-to-coast to indicate close proximity.  For the rest of the novel, the contrast between "life in the country" and "life in Aven" will be highlighted by the Aven residents preferring their rural vocabulary and table fare to whatever current food and fashion that's being offered by their newly founded railroad town. Eighteen chapters later in the novel, this preference for "all things rural" by early Aven residents begins to drive the novel's action after Buck's mother receives notice that she has a terminal case of cancer.

Buck's innocent daydream about his family's future in the big house he's built for them is interrupted by a question asked by a curious member of Aven's business community, an old mule trader. He asked, "Plannin' to fill it up someday?" Buck assures the old fellow that the house will certainly be filled but the children will be his brothers and sisters. Buck's success in town brought him to the attention of Aven's commercial interests and Buck's future prosperity will be insured by these commercial and political ties.

When the Bannon family arrives at their new home, Joe Bannon is more impressed with the soil of his house lot than he is with the house Buck built for him. He tells Buck,"Somethin' ought to grow there," pleased with Aven land's potential for gardening. Mr. Bannon goes on to tell Buck about the next crop that would be harvested on the land they just sold before moving to Aven, "Boy, you ain't never seen nothin' like the way that land was yeastin' when we sold. I figure the crop to come was what got us the price." Buck replies, "It was pretty good dirt." This comment is significant because it's the first time in the novel where Buck ever complimented the Bannon farm. 

 BEST FRIED CHICKEN https://getpocket.com/explore/item/how-to-make-crispy-juicy-fried-chicken?utm_source=pocket-newtab

Robert Register, a Dothan native and Tuscaloosa resident, spent his working career in the Tuscaloosa area, the first two decades teaching life sciences in Alabama's public schools and community colleges and the last decade working in property maintenance. At the end of his teaching career, he began writing articles about Alabama's formative years for OLD TUSCALOOSA MAGAZINE. This work led to his publishing "Andrew Ellicott's Observations While Serving on the Southern Boundary Commission: 1796-1800" in the May 1997 Gulf Coast Historical Review, a journal focusing on the history of the coastal region from the Florida Panhandle to Louisiana. This publication resulted in Mr. Register writing the text for the historic marker of the SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF THE U.S. 1795-1819 which is located beside U.S. Highway 231 South just above Campbellton as well as his writing the text for the plaque for Ellicott's Line in the State of Alabama Engineering Hall of Fame. Register discovered blogging in 2003 and he has used this internet tool daily since then to share his ideas under the Internet handle of  ROBERTOREG.  In 2005, Register assisted author Greg Haynes in doing the research for Hayne's book THE HEEEY BABY DAYS OF BEACH MUSIC. This work rekindled Register's interest in THE OLD DUTCH, the first barroom built on Panama City Beach. After retirement in 2012, Register wrote several articles for PANAMA CITY LIVING magazine, including ROADHOUSE BLUES AT THE OLD DUTCH. In September of 2013, Mr. Register published an article entitled CENTENNIAL in CRIMSON MAGAZINE, the magazine of the Tide Nation. This article represented the magazine's commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Coach Paul "Bear" Bryant. In January 2018, Register partnered with retired University of Georgia professor James Hargrove on two articles concerning the War of 1812 in Northwest Florida which were published in the Apalachicola Times. Presently Register is writing a critical analysis of the 1948 novel DEVIL MAKE A THIRD which is a story modeled after the early history of Dothan.

July 4, 1905 Christening of Lock 13

 Most of the information for this presentation came from HARNESSING THE BLACK WARRIOR by Ken Willis, Matt Clinton's SCRAPBOOK and Ward Hubbs' TUSCALOOSA: 200 YEARS IN THE MAKING.

Before the locks and dams were built on the Warrior River, the total fall of the river from Locust Fork of the Warrior west of Birmingham to Tuscaloosa was 122 feet, divided among 12 rapids.  From 1888 to 1896, the first three locks and dams built along the Warrior were constructed in Tuscaloosa providing a navigable low water depth of six and one-half feet for a distance of 10 miles upriver from Tuscaloosa by producing a 33 foot lift from the front of Lock 1 (present-day Corps of Engineers), to the backwater of Lock 3 (present-day Manderson Landing @ the University of Alabama). These three locks provided their navigational services from 1896 until the opening of Oliver Lock & Dam in 1940.

 

LOCKS 1, 2 and 3 IN THE PRESENT-DAY

TIME LINE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRST THREE WARRIOR RIVER LOCKS

1871: The Alabama Coal and Navigation Company was chartered and proposed to buy coal lands, to build a railroad through the coal field and to construct three locks and dams above the Tuscaloosa wharf. By 1876, the company had collapsed. (from the July 29, 1875 BIRMINGHAM AGE)

 June, 1874: Horace Harding was appointed United States Assistant Engineer on the Improvement of the Warrior River and remained in that position for the next twenty-two years, retiring in May, 1896. During his last eight years of government service, Harding designed and built the three locks and dams at Tuscaloosa.

 

August 1880: Dr. E.A. Smith submitted his 1879 survey of the Warrior River from Tuscaloosa to Sipsey Fork to the Army Corps of Engineers.

 

1885: A rivers and harbors convention was held in Tuscaloosa and adopted a resolution requesting the U.S. Congress to appropriate funds for improving navigation on the Warrior. Alabama Senator James L. Pugh, who got the first appropriation from Congress to improve Warrior River navigation, addressed this convention. (from the November 19, 1885 MONTGOMERY DAILY DISPATCH)

1887: A congressional appropriation for the construction of locks and dams on the Warrior at Tuscaloosa was given final approval. (from the January 13, 1887 CHOCTAW HERALD [Butler])

November 1887: Tuscaloosa Mayor W.C. Jemison and the Tuscaloosa city council deeded the property for Lock 1 (present-day Corps of Engineers) to the United States. After that, Tuscaloosa Castle Hill Real Estate & Manufacturing deeded the property for Lock #2 (present-day ANOTHER BROKEN EGG building) to the United States and the University of Alabama Board of Trustees also deeded the property for Lock 3 (present-day Manderson Landing) to the United States. 

1888: Bids for construction on the Warrior were too high so it was decided the U.S. government would supervise the work with hired labor and material bought on contract. (from the November 15, 1888 TUSKALOOSA GAZETTE)

 

October 22, 1888: A five ton cornerstone was set in place on Lock 1. (from the October 2, 1889 Tuscaloosa Weekly Times)  

 

 

March 1889: an act authorizing a stone quarry to be constructed on Bryce Hospital land (present-day intersection of Randall Way and Jack Warner Parkway).

from the June 12, 1889 Tuscaloosa Weekly Times

October,1891: Lock 1 was complete and work had begun on Lock 2. (from the October 7, 1891 TUSCALOOSA WEEKLY TIMES) 

October, 1893: Locks 1 and 2 are completed and work begun on Lock 3.

 

August, 1894, the gates were hung on Lock 1 and guide cribs, 100 foot long timber boxes filled with stone, were placed above and below the locks to absorb shock and to guide the boats.

 

 

January, 1896: Tuscaloosa locks open. (from the January 28, 1996 CHATTANOOGA DAILY TIMES)

 

 

Tuscaloosa's Municipal Wharf @ Riverview

LOCK 2 (present-day ANOTHER BROKEN EGG building) in August, 2002