THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CHISKA TALOFA, A TOWN OF YUCHI ORIGIN ON THE WEST BANK OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER: 1757-1818
1757: Chiska Talofa is the only town in the area of present-day southeast Alabama located on the 1757 Bonar Map (DeVorsey 1971). Swanton (1922) equated this with Yuchi-speaking Hogologee indicated on earlier maps.
1761: Swanton (1922) lists a 1761 census figure of 30 for this town's population.
1764: John Stuart, British Indian agent for the Southern District, held a conference at St. Marks on September 13, 1764 which included the leaders of Chiska Talofa located on the Chattahoochee above the fork.
1768: Pittman describes a crossing place for the Pensacola-St. Augustine trail on the Chattahoochee at a village of Ichiscatalonfa located on the west bank of the river, forty miles above the fork. (The 31st degree parallel (Alabama-Florida Line) crosses the river 26.2 miles above the fork of the Chattahoochee and the Flint.)
1778: The Purcell map of the Pensacola-St. Augustine trail includes the notation "Chisca Old Fields" just north of Ekanachatte or Red Ground. The site of Red Ground was located by Boyd (1958) south of Irwin's Mill Creek, adjacent to Neal's Landing.
1799: Stephen Minor, Spanish commissioner during Ellicott's survey of the U.S. Southern Boundary, named the village at the end of the compass line on the west bank of the Chattahoochee as "Chiscotofa" or "Clisteofa". The conflict which led to the survey being abandoned began in the camp at the surveyor's astronomical observatory. This conflict was the beginning of the unrelenting hostility of the Seminoles to the U.S. (Minor to Gayoso, August 5, 1799, Archivo General de Indias, Papeles de Cuba, Seville, Legajo 2355)
1799: Between July 25, 1799 and August 19, 1799, Ellicott made 44 observations of seven stars to determine a mean latitude of 31 degrees, 1 minute, 9.4 seconds for his observatory on the west bank of the Chattahoochee. Ellicott laid off a line 7110.5 feet south and ended his 381 mile survey of the 31st parallel which established the present-day boundary shared by Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. (Ellicott, 1803)
1799: In October, William Augustus Bowles, self-proclaimed Director General of the Nation of Muskogee, returned to Wekiva located opposite Chiska Talofa, six miles north of the present-day Alabama- Florida line on the east bank of the Chattahoochee. He called a general council of the Lower Creeks and Seminoles to distribute powder and rum which had been salvaged from the wreck of the British sloop FOX, off the east end of St. George Island. Here Bowles reestablished his influence after his seven years of imprisonment by the Spaniards. (Wright, 1967)
1804: At Chiska Talofa on May 25, 1804, James Innerarity and William Hambly represented John Forbes & Co. in negotiations for a land grant. The company sought this payment from the Indians to counterbalance Bowles' destruction of the company's store on the Wakulla and tribe's accumulated debt. This deed of cession was signed by 24 chiefs and ultimately deeded the company 1,200,000 acres east of the Apalachicola. Under the terms of this cession, John Forbes & Co. immediately opened a store at Prospect Bluff in 1804. This store led to the establishment of the Negro Fort and later Fort Gadsden on Prospect Bluff.
1810: At Chiska Talofa on April 10, 1810, Edmond Doyle, principal agent of John Forbes & Co. on the Apalachicola, and William Hambly, interpreter and representative of the company, secured the cession of three more tracts of land that joined the original 1804 grant. This land included St. Vincent Island. These Indians also ceded to John Forbes personally an island in the Apalachicola River.
1814: On August 9, 1814, the chief of Chiska Talofa was one of the Creek chiefs who signed the Treaty of Fort Jackson which ceded over 20,000,000 acres of present-day Alabama and Georgia to the United States.
1816: At Chiska Talofa on April 17, 1816, William Hambly attempted to unite the Upper Towns (friendly to the Americans) and the Lower Towns (friendly to the British) in an attack upon the Negro Fort on Prospect Bluff. This meeting was a disaster, however, the Negro Fort was successfully destroyed by the U.S. Navy on July 27, 1816. 270 of the fort's occupants were killed by a single explosion of the fort's powder magazine. Captured British arms and supplies were valued at not less than $200,000.
1818: Captain Hugh Young, a soldier with General Jackson's U.S. Army, included Chiska Talofa on a town list for the First Seminole War.
1757: Chiska Talofa is the only town in the area of present-day southeast Alabama located on the 1757 Bonar Map (DeVorsey 1971). Swanton (1922) equated this with Yuchi-speaking Hogologee indicated on earlier maps.
1761: Swanton (1922) lists a 1761 census figure of 30 for this town's population.
1764: John Stuart, British Indian agent for the Southern District, held a conference at St. Marks on September 13, 1764 which included the leaders of Chiska Talofa located on the Chattahoochee above the fork.
1768: Pittman describes a crossing place for the Pensacola-St. Augustine trail on the Chattahoochee at a village of Ichiscatalonfa located on the west bank of the river, forty miles above the fork. (The 31st degree parallel (Alabama-Florida Line) crosses the river 26.2 miles above the fork of the Chattahoochee and the Flint.)
1778: The Purcell map of the Pensacola-St. Augustine trail includes the notation "Chisca Old Fields" just north of Ekanachatte or Red Ground. The site of Red Ground was located by Boyd (1958) south of Irwin's Mill Creek, adjacent to Neal's Landing.
1799: Stephen Minor, Spanish commissioner during Ellicott's survey of the U.S. Southern Boundary, named the village at the end of the compass line on the west bank of the Chattahoochee as "Chiscotofa" or "Clisteofa". The conflict which led to the survey being abandoned began in the camp at the surveyor's astronomical observatory. This conflict was the beginning of the unrelenting hostility of the Seminoles to the U.S. (Minor to Gayoso, August 5, 1799, Archivo General de Indias, Papeles de Cuba, Seville, Legajo 2355)
1799: Between July 25, 1799 and August 19, 1799, Ellicott made 44 observations of seven stars to determine a mean latitude of 31 degrees, 1 minute, 9.4 seconds for his observatory on the west bank of the Chattahoochee. Ellicott laid off a line 7110.5 feet south and ended his 381 mile survey of the 31st parallel which established the present-day boundary shared by Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. (Ellicott, 1803)
1799: In October, William Augustus Bowles, self-proclaimed Director General of the Nation of Muskogee, returned to Wekiva located opposite Chiska Talofa, six miles north of the present-day Alabama- Florida line on the east bank of the Chattahoochee. He called a general council of the Lower Creeks and Seminoles to distribute powder and rum which had been salvaged from the wreck of the British sloop FOX, off the east end of St. George Island. Here Bowles reestablished his influence after his seven years of imprisonment by the Spaniards. (Wright, 1967)
1804: At Chiska Talofa on May 25, 1804, James Innerarity and William Hambly represented John Forbes & Co. in negotiations for a land grant. The company sought this payment from the Indians to counterbalance Bowles' destruction of the company's store on the Wakulla and tribe's accumulated debt. This deed of cession was signed by 24 chiefs and ultimately deeded the company 1,200,000 acres east of the Apalachicola. Under the terms of this cession, John Forbes & Co. immediately opened a store at Prospect Bluff in 1804. This store led to the establishment of the Negro Fort and later Fort Gadsden on Prospect Bluff.
1810: At Chiska Talofa on April 10, 1810, Edmond Doyle, principal agent of John Forbes & Co. on the Apalachicola, and William Hambly, interpreter and representative of the company, secured the cession of three more tracts of land that joined the original 1804 grant. This land included St. Vincent Island. These Indians also ceded to John Forbes personally an island in the Apalachicola River.
1814: On August 9, 1814, the chief of Chiska Talofa was one of the Creek chiefs who signed the Treaty of Fort Jackson which ceded over 20,000,000 acres of present-day Alabama and Georgia to the United States.
1816: At Chiska Talofa on April 17, 1816, William Hambly attempted to unite the Upper Towns (friendly to the Americans) and the Lower Towns (friendly to the British) in an attack upon the Negro Fort on Prospect Bluff. This meeting was a disaster, however, the Negro Fort was successfully destroyed by the U.S. Navy on July 27, 1816. 270 of the fort's occupants were killed by a single explosion of the fort's powder magazine. Captured British arms and supplies were valued at not less than $200,000.
1818: Captain Hugh Young, a soldier with General Jackson's U.S. Army, included Chiska Talofa on a town list for the First Seminole War.
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