Scribner's
https://books.google.com/books?id=t0V7cCVQbhQC&pg=PA460&lpg=PA460&dq=louisa+merino+slaves&source=bl&ots=TgKzHtdaWV&sig=a-bZ0IePHox5KMNUJRLm164DUmQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY-7jCmcbOAhUB7SYKHZgoAx4Q6AEIQTAI#v=onepage&q=louisa%20merino%20slaves&f=false
WILKINSON D.I. https://books.google.com/books?id=bgYYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=%22DAUPHIN+ISLAND%22+FILIBUSTER&source=bl&ots=oKxFHc68-j&sig=rHXg2p608kTEwRSu568e1vSwbnQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQvK6BncbOAhWENSYKHQJeC2kQ6AEIQDAG#v=onepage&q=%22DAUPHIN%20ISLAND%22%20FILIBUSTER&f=false
PRECURSOR http://rrcaolt.weebly.com/uploads/8/4/7/0/8470429/olt_paper_sample.pdf
Supreme Court Record on the slave smuggling case https://books.google.com/books?id=NAIM6OZNywAC&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=louisa+merino+slaves&source=bl&ots=Y33KgRdo_K&sig=WJoevF1mtpRBW-USETv9v8fmky8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY-7jCmcbOAhUB7SYKHZgoAx4Q6AEILzAD#v=onepage&q=louisa%20merino%20slaves&f=false
"Considerable progress has been made during the present season in examining the coast and its various bays and other inlets, in the collection of materials, and in the construction of fortifications for the defense of the Union at several of the positions at which it has been decided to erect such works. At Mobile Point and Dauphin Island, and at the Rigolets, leading to Lake Pontchartrain, materials to a considerable amount have been collected, and all the necessary preparations made for the commencement of the works."
Quates paper / Fort Crawford https://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd%3A1218/datastream/OBJ/view
ACTS OF THE 1824 ALABAMA LEGISLATURE To establish certain election precincts therein named.
La Harpe ~ Texas pioneer https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fla01
https://books.google.com/books?id=v2kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA371&lpg=PA371&dq=adjudication+%22dauphin+island%22&source=bl&ots=QV6VktPjuj&sig=s1_Nba4DEye9fK4qb4hFbQpsmtY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjc7YuRpMHOAhWC5CYKHedQAgI4ChDoAQguMAM#v=onepage&q=adjudication%20%22dauphin%20island%22&f=false
Feb. 9. The senate met pursuant to adjournment. The president communicated a report from the se cretary of war, detailing the manner in which the act of the 3d of March, 1823, has been executed, authoriz ing him to appoint a suitable persen "to ascertain whether there has been any failure on the part of tho U. States, in the fulfilment of contracts for erecting fortifications on Dauphin island; and if so, to ascertain the amount of damages thus sustained by Richard Harris and Nimrod Farrow, the contractors, by such failure; and also, to ascertain whether the said con tractors themselves have failed in fulfilling the con tract on their part, and tho cause of such faijure;" which was read, and ordered to be printed.
Grant Pass. To amend act to authorize construction and maintenance of bridge between mainland and Dauphin Island, Mobile County, Ala., etc., report to accompany S. 4476 [to amend act to authorize Dauphin Island Railway and Harbor Company to construct bridge or bridges, or viaducts, across Grant Pass between mainland at or near Cedar Point and Dauphin Island, both Little and Big, also to dredge channel from Mobile Bay into Dauphin Bay, also to construct docks and wharves along both Little and Big Dauphin islands, as amended, so as to extend time] ; submitted by Mr. Sheppard. Mar. 28, 1916. 2 p. (S. rp. 313.)
https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0YcbAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA341
[2d Session. INDEMNITY FOR SLAVES CARRIED AWAY BY GREAT BRITAIN IN 1815. COMMUNICATED TO THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION DECEMBER 20, 1826. Extract of Instructions from H. Clay to R. King, May 10, 1825. "3. In the case of Jumonville de Villiers, a citizen of Louisiana, the claim of indemnity for twenty slaves, carried away from Dauphin island, in trm Bay of Mobile, does not appear to have been questioned by Mr. Jackson, upon the ground either of the sufficiency of the proof by which it was established, or the time of the transportation of the slaves; but to the allowance of the claim he objected, upon the pretence that Dauphin island was no part of the territory of the United States, but belonged to West Florida. Mr. Cheves, declining to discuss our incontestable right to that island, derived from the cession of Louisiana, of which it constituted a part, offered to refer the- difference between him and his associate, agreeably to the provisions of the fifth article of the convention; but Mr. Jackson, having erected himself into a judge of what belonged to us and what to Spain, decided that Dauphin island was not an appendage of Louisiana, but of W est Florida, and therefore belonged to Spain at the period of the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty of Ghent, and refused to consent to the proposed reference. Dauphin island was, during the late war, reduced and occupied by the British arms as a part of the territory of the United States. Had it not been a part of their territory, the military occupation of it by Great Britain would have been an unprovoked act of war on her part against Spain, with whom she was then in peace. It was, on the return of peace, surrendered to the United States as a 'territory, place, or possession' (to use the language of the treaty of Ghent) taken from them during the war. Thus, in order to screen the British Government from the indemnity due to American citizens for one or two hundred negro slaves, Mr. Jackson would represent his nation as having committed an act of deliberate and wanton war upon the territories of a friendly and unoffending sovereign, and as having, after perpetrating that act of enormity, transferred the territory violently wrested from that sovereign to the United States, who had no right, to it. The mere statement of the case, which truth compels me to make, must wound the sensibility of his Britannic Majesty's Government. If it were creditable to discuss the question of the right of the United States to Dauphin island, it would be easy to show that the Province of Louisiana, which was ceded to them on the 30th of April, 1803, extended as far cast as the Perdido, and, of course, included the Bay of Mobile; that, prior to the late war with Great Britain, the United States had actually taken possession of the whole Province up to that limit; that they had incorporated the Bay of Mobile, including Dauphin island, in one of their territories, and governed it by their laws ; and that the treaty with Spain of the 22d day of February, 1819, did not operate as an original cession, but only as a confirmation of their previous title, acquired under that with France, to the country lying between the Perdido and the island of New Orleans. It would have been a more compendious mode of disposing of this claim, on the part of Mr. Jackson, to have drawn in question our title to any part of Louisiana, as was done during the conferences at Ghent. He would then have gotten rid of the territory, the claimant, and his slaves. But the conclusive answer to his plea is to be found in the terms of the first article of the treaty of Ghent. They stipulate that 'all territory, places, and possessions whatsoever taken by either party from the other during the war, or which may be taken after the signing of this treaty, excepting only the islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing any destruction, or carrying away any of the artillery or other public property originally captured in the said forts or places, and which shall remain therein upon the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, or any slaves or other private property.' Dauphin island was not one of those which were excepted from surrender.- That article binds the high contracting parties to a mutual restoration of territory, places, and possessions, without regard to the consideration of title. The mere fact of possession prior to the war determined the duty of restoration on the return of peace. It was so intended, and well understood by both parties. Under that stipulation, as being one of the possessions taken from us during the war, the mouth of the Columbia has been restored, although our title to it was subsequently contested by Great Britain. And from none of the places or possessions thus to be restored was Great Britain to carry away any slave or other property. If this impeachment of our title to or possession of Dauphin island (for which, at an earlier period, Mr. Jackson might have been entitled to the grateful acknowledgments of Spain, but which, at this late day, will hardly be made) had been even colorable, the claim of D' Villiers might have presented a fit subject of reference to the arbitrator of the convention. Incontestable as both title and possession were, Mr. Cheves, in consideration of what belonged to the character and dignity of his Government, would not have been without justification if he had declined an arbitration of the question had it been offered by the other Commissioner. In tendering it himself, you cannot fail to perceive manifested by him the greatest moderation and the strongest dispo sition faithfully to execute the fifth article of the convention. Nor can you avoid contrasting the conduct of the two Commissioners in this respect. Whilst Mr. Jackson refuses to refer, to say the least of it, the debatable question of interest, Mr. Cheves is willing to refer a case in which our clear and indisputable right to Dauphin island was the only point to be collaterally adjudicated.
Henry Clay arguing that it was impossible for Great Britain to ignore Dauphin Island's American sovereignty https://books.google.com/books?id=3bceBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA348&lpg=PA348&dq=adjudication+%22dauphin+island%22&source=bl&ots=xY9va1Zxq5&sig=WtIYt9EmZWW8tM0BdPcXZaLGPUU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIz7-2msHOAhVK7iYKHZqYAqAQ6AEILzAD#v=onepage&q=adjudication%20%22dauphin%20island%22&f=false
Piracy in the 19th century
http://www.academia.edu/12243967/Among_Ships_of_Thieves_on_Waves_of_Change_Piracy_in_the_Gulf_and_Caribbean_1800-1835
Profound geopolitical and social upheaval plagued the Atlantic world in the first few decades of the nineteenth century as a result of the Napoleonic War, Haitian Revolution, Anglo-American banning of the transatlantic slave trade, Latin American Wars of Independence, and the rise of the modern nation state and politics. More specifically the
Mobile secession dissertation https://etd.auburn.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10415/1326/LU_LING_5.pdf?sequence=1&ts=1467519955817
dauphin island mortar https://books.google.com/books?id=_IkFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=%22dauphin+island%22+mortar+%22shell+banks%22&source=bl&ots=xxzdN5aTCQ&sig=xxiapu1_oXliRuoFYKRU1Ka_q4U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS982r17nOAhVFTSYKHWEfAtIQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=%22dauphin%20island%22%20mortar%20%22shell%20banks%22&f=false
https://books.google.com/books?id=t0V7cCVQbhQC&pg=PA460&lpg=PA460&dq=louisa+merino+slaves&source=bl&ots=TgKzHtdaWV&sig=a-bZ0IePHox5KMNUJRLm164DUmQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY-7jCmcbOAhUB7SYKHZgoAx4Q6AEIQTAI#v=onepage&q=louisa%20merino%20slaves&f=false
WILKINSON D.I. https://books.google.com/books?id=bgYYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=%22DAUPHIN+ISLAND%22+FILIBUSTER&source=bl&ots=oKxFHc68-j&sig=rHXg2p608kTEwRSu568e1vSwbnQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQvK6BncbOAhWENSYKHQJeC2kQ6AEIQDAG#v=onepage&q=%22DAUPHIN%20ISLAND%22%20FILIBUSTER&f=false
PRECURSOR http://rrcaolt.weebly.com/uploads/8/4/7/0/8470429/olt_paper_sample.pdf
Supreme Court Record on the slave smuggling case https://books.google.com/books?id=NAIM6OZNywAC&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=louisa+merino+slaves&source=bl&ots=Y33KgRdo_K&sig=WJoevF1mtpRBW-USETv9v8fmky8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY-7jCmcbOAhUB7SYKHZgoAx4Q6AEILzAD#v=onepage&q=louisa%20merino%20slaves&f=false
Fourth Annual Message (November 14, 1820)
James Monroe
"Considerable progress has been made during the present season in examining the coast and its various bays and other inlets, in the collection of materials, and in the construction of fortifications for the defense of the Union at several of the positions at which it has been decided to erect such works. At Mobile Point and Dauphin Island, and at the Rigolets, leading to Lake Pontchartrain, materials to a considerable amount have been collected, and all the necessary preparations made for the commencement of the works."
Quates paper / Fort Crawford https://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd%3A1218/datastream/OBJ/view
ACTS OF THE 1824 ALABAMA LEGISLATURE To establish certain election precincts therein named.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the state of Alabama in General Assembly convened, That the election precinct heretofore established at the house of Robert Lewis in the county of mobile, be, and the same is hereby discontinued; and that the following election precincts, be, and the same are hereby established in said county, to wit: one at the house of James Johnston, in he northern district; one at the house of Barthelami Grelot, in the southern district; and one at the house of John Baptiste Lamy on Dauphin Island; and also one at Spring Hill.
La Harpe ~ Texas pioneer https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fla01
https://books.google.com/books?id=v2kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA371&lpg=PA371&dq=adjudication+%22dauphin+island%22&source=bl&ots=QV6VktPjuj&sig=s1_Nba4DEye9fK4qb4hFbQpsmtY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjc7YuRpMHOAhWC5CYKHedQAgI4ChDoAQguMAM#v=onepage&q=adjudication%20%22dauphin%20island%22&f=false
Feb. 9. The senate met pursuant to adjournment. The president communicated a report from the se cretary of war, detailing the manner in which the act of the 3d of March, 1823, has been executed, authoriz ing him to appoint a suitable persen "to ascertain whether there has been any failure on the part of tho U. States, in the fulfilment of contracts for erecting fortifications on Dauphin island; and if so, to ascertain the amount of damages thus sustained by Richard Harris and Nimrod Farrow, the contractors, by such failure; and also, to ascertain whether the said con tractors themselves have failed in fulfilling the con tract on their part, and tho cause of such faijure;" which was read, and ordered to be printed.
Grant Pass. To amend act to authorize construction and maintenance of bridge between mainland and Dauphin Island, Mobile County, Ala., etc., report to accompany S. 4476 [to amend act to authorize Dauphin Island Railway and Harbor Company to construct bridge or bridges, or viaducts, across Grant Pass between mainland at or near Cedar Point and Dauphin Island, both Little and Big, also to dredge channel from Mobile Bay into Dauphin Bay, also to construct docks and wharves along both Little and Big Dauphin islands, as amended, so as to extend time] ; submitted by Mr. Sheppard. Mar. 28, 1916. 2 p. (S. rp. 313.)
https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=0YcbAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PA341
[2d Session. INDEMNITY FOR SLAVES CARRIED AWAY BY GREAT BRITAIN IN 1815. COMMUNICATED TO THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION DECEMBER 20, 1826. Extract of Instructions from H. Clay to R. King, May 10, 1825. "3. In the case of Jumonville de Villiers, a citizen of Louisiana, the claim of indemnity for twenty slaves, carried away from Dauphin island, in trm Bay of Mobile, does not appear to have been questioned by Mr. Jackson, upon the ground either of the sufficiency of the proof by which it was established, or the time of the transportation of the slaves; but to the allowance of the claim he objected, upon the pretence that Dauphin island was no part of the territory of the United States, but belonged to West Florida. Mr. Cheves, declining to discuss our incontestable right to that island, derived from the cession of Louisiana, of which it constituted a part, offered to refer the- difference between him and his associate, agreeably to the provisions of the fifth article of the convention; but Mr. Jackson, having erected himself into a judge of what belonged to us and what to Spain, decided that Dauphin island was not an appendage of Louisiana, but of W est Florida, and therefore belonged to Spain at the period of the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty of Ghent, and refused to consent to the proposed reference. Dauphin island was, during the late war, reduced and occupied by the British arms as a part of the territory of the United States. Had it not been a part of their territory, the military occupation of it by Great Britain would have been an unprovoked act of war on her part against Spain, with whom she was then in peace. It was, on the return of peace, surrendered to the United States as a 'territory, place, or possession' (to use the language of the treaty of Ghent) taken from them during the war. Thus, in order to screen the British Government from the indemnity due to American citizens for one or two hundred negro slaves, Mr. Jackson would represent his nation as having committed an act of deliberate and wanton war upon the territories of a friendly and unoffending sovereign, and as having, after perpetrating that act of enormity, transferred the territory violently wrested from that sovereign to the United States, who had no right, to it. The mere statement of the case, which truth compels me to make, must wound the sensibility of his Britannic Majesty's Government. If it were creditable to discuss the question of the right of the United States to Dauphin island, it would be easy to show that the Province of Louisiana, which was ceded to them on the 30th of April, 1803, extended as far cast as the Perdido, and, of course, included the Bay of Mobile; that, prior to the late war with Great Britain, the United States had actually taken possession of the whole Province up to that limit; that they had incorporated the Bay of Mobile, including Dauphin island, in one of their territories, and governed it by their laws ; and that the treaty with Spain of the 22d day of February, 1819, did not operate as an original cession, but only as a confirmation of their previous title, acquired under that with France, to the country lying between the Perdido and the island of New Orleans. It would have been a more compendious mode of disposing of this claim, on the part of Mr. Jackson, to have drawn in question our title to any part of Louisiana, as was done during the conferences at Ghent. He would then have gotten rid of the territory, the claimant, and his slaves. But the conclusive answer to his plea is to be found in the terms of the first article of the treaty of Ghent. They stipulate that 'all territory, places, and possessions whatsoever taken by either party from the other during the war, or which may be taken after the signing of this treaty, excepting only the islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing any destruction, or carrying away any of the artillery or other public property originally captured in the said forts or places, and which shall remain therein upon the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, or any slaves or other private property.' Dauphin island was not one of those which were excepted from surrender.- That article binds the high contracting parties to a mutual restoration of territory, places, and possessions, without regard to the consideration of title. The mere fact of possession prior to the war determined the duty of restoration on the return of peace. It was so intended, and well understood by both parties. Under that stipulation, as being one of the possessions taken from us during the war, the mouth of the Columbia has been restored, although our title to it was subsequently contested by Great Britain. And from none of the places or possessions thus to be restored was Great Britain to carry away any slave or other property. If this impeachment of our title to or possession of Dauphin island (for which, at an earlier period, Mr. Jackson might have been entitled to the grateful acknowledgments of Spain, but which, at this late day, will hardly be made) had been even colorable, the claim of D' Villiers might have presented a fit subject of reference to the arbitrator of the convention. Incontestable as both title and possession were, Mr. Cheves, in consideration of what belonged to the character and dignity of his Government, would not have been without justification if he had declined an arbitration of the question had it been offered by the other Commissioner. In tendering it himself, you cannot fail to perceive manifested by him the greatest moderation and the strongest dispo sition faithfully to execute the fifth article of the convention. Nor can you avoid contrasting the conduct of the two Commissioners in this respect. Whilst Mr. Jackson refuses to refer, to say the least of it, the debatable question of interest, Mr. Cheves is willing to refer a case in which our clear and indisputable right to Dauphin island was the only point to be collaterally adjudicated.
Henry Clay arguing that it was impossible for Great Britain to ignore Dauphin Island's American sovereignty https://books.google.com/books?id=3bceBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA348&lpg=PA348&dq=adjudication+%22dauphin+island%22&source=bl&ots=xY9va1Zxq5&sig=WtIYt9EmZWW8tM0BdPcXZaLGPUU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIz7-2msHOAhVK7iYKHZqYAqAQ6AEILzAD#v=onepage&q=adjudication%20%22dauphin%20island%22&f=false
Piracy in the 19th century
http://www.academia.edu/12243967/Among_Ships_of_Thieves_on_Waves_of_Change_Piracy_in_the_Gulf_and_Caribbean_1800-1835
Profound geopolitical and social upheaval plagued the Atlantic world in the first few decades of the nineteenth century as a result of the Napoleonic War, Haitian Revolution, Anglo-American banning of the transatlantic slave trade, Latin American Wars of Independence, and the rise of the modern nation state and politics. More specifically the
revolutions spanning from 1775 to 1824 changed the Atlantic world “beyond recognition.”
In some ways they all also contributed to the explosion of piracy in the first thirty violent years of the nineteenth century.
Mobile secession dissertation https://etd.auburn.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10415/1326/LU_LING_5.pdf?sequence=1&ts=1467519955817
dauphin island mortar https://books.google.com/books?id=_IkFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=%22dauphin+island%22+mortar+%22shell+banks%22&source=bl&ots=xxzdN5aTCQ&sig=xxiapu1_oXliRuoFYKRU1Ka_q4U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS982r17nOAhVFTSYKHWEfAtIQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=%22dauphin%20island%22%20mortar%20%22shell%20banks%22&f=false
posted by robertoreg at 8:34 AM
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