Wiki link for Gratiot  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Gratiot

FARROW AND HARRIS https://books.google.com/books?id=_IkFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=hagner+gratiot+thornton&source=bl&ots=xxzgE36RyM&sig=NFNd3F4ARZuBU_0xbfnH5NfNl38&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgoraRjPbOAhWCeCYKHbyLBEcQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=hagner%20gratiot%20thornton&f=false

HARDEMAN OWENS KILLED  https://books.google.com/books?id=dlUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=ROADS+COMMISSIONER+KILLED+BY+INDIANS+%22RUSSELL+COUNTY%22&source=bl&ots=neJibPzoT5&sig=Ao77xgTbdUjv5kqg3uSWeywqels&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjswum0jvbOAhXE4SYKHWEuCAUQ6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=ROADS%20COMMISSIONER%20KILLED%20BY%20INDIANS%20%22RUSSELL%20COUNTY%22&f=false

Wiki link for Peter Hagner  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hagner

from 5 Flags  https://archive.org/stream/mobileoffiveflag00hami/mobileoffiveflag00hami_djvu.txt

Under Cadillac shipping increased greatly. 
With him came over eighty thousand dollars worth of 
merchandise for his trading ventures, and as much came 
afterwards. There were occasional shipwrecks, as the 
Justice, which sank ihe next year in the Dauphine Island 
Sound. Crozat intended building a merchant marine of 
brigantines to ply from Dauphine Island as a central point, 
but ihe Spaniards would not admit his ships. Crozat 
was not liberal himself, for we find that he refused entry 
to a frigate from Rochelle and a brigantine from Martinique. 
Ships generally came in the spring and returned in the fall 
loaded with colonial products, after two or three months 
sojourn at Dauphine Island. They were almost always 
of the royal navy, carrying from twelve to fifty giuis, and 
sometimes they came in small squadrons, such as three 
vessels which arrived in 1717. Although Mobile had 
been moved to the mouth of the river, the ships from France 



Under A Merchant Prince 85 

seldom came up to the city. They frequently drew loo 
much water and anchored at Port Dauphin. There 
they unloaded their cargoes and such as was intended for 
the city and for the Indian trade was transferred to smaller 
boats, like Chateaugue's traversier, which carried them 
up to town. There they were stored in the warehouse

Mobile Point always bore this name and the little islands 
outside were called Goziers for the weeds which grew 
upon them. Through them at this time the great volume 
of water emptying into the bay was gradually digging out a 
deep channel to take the place of the one closed at Dauphine 
Island in the storm of 1717. On the western shore below 




110 Under Five Flags 

Bienville's chateau were Dog, Deer and Fowl Rivers, 
bearing the same names as now, and a beautiful spring 
gave the name to Belle Fontaine. Mon Louis Island 
was called for Baudin, its owner, who came from Mont 
Louis near Tours in France. He lived on the Bay side 
of the island at a place called Miragouane or Miragoine, 
sometimes receiving the title of Sieiir therefrom. Its 
meaning is not quite certain, but seems to be the same as 
our Mosquito. His title, therefore, is something like the 
Knight of the Mosquito. 

The region about Bayou La Batre was seen and named 
at the beginning of the French time. Grand Bay they 
called Pine Bay, the little island opposite Pine, which 
we know as Coffee Island, while the islands further east 
about Grant's Pass were called the Reeds. 

3. Dauphine Island. We have studied ihe history of 
Port Dauphin with its once deep harbor and the beautiful 
church built by the ship captain, as well as the Spanish 
attack in the Pensacola war. A British privateer or pirate 
from Jamaica had raided ii even earlier, and this was one of 
the reasons for drawing Mobile and the port closer together. 

The island was to be a favorite place for Indian councils, 
but the church records show that it was the residence of 
many Frenchmen also. The priest frequently came there 
and French names have even yet survived as names of 
places. The shell bank on the north side was once an 
Indian mound, and, crowned with cedars, has always been a 
favorite resort. Little Dauphine Island was then called 
for Guillori who lived upon it. Possibly the sailor Chateau- 
gue is still commemorated in the Point Chugae found 
upon the maps, and Graveline Bay recalls the merchant 
partner of St. Denis in his romantic expedition to Mexico. 
In the interior oi the island is Point Vendigarde, but the 
origin of this name is a mystery.  

 battle of New Orleans meant much, the immediate result 

' , - to Mobile was bad; for the British fleet transported the 

^ ■ army over to Dauphine Island and also occupied Mobile 

Point behind the fort. The great fleet rode at anchor in 

the Bay and outside, and, although Fort Bowyer had won 

on the first attack, there was no hope of a successful 

resistance now against thirty-eight armed vessels and 

five thousand men on shore. The British began a siege, 

advancing trenches, and finally got within forty yards of 

the fort. The loss of the Americans had been only one 

killed and ten wounded, and the British forty killed, but 

it was clear that further fighting would be useless. An 

attempt to relieve the fort from Mobile failed, and on the 

12th of February, 1815, Lawrence surrendered with 

honors of war. There was much confusion then at Mobile, 

but the British did not attempt to take the town. Jackson 

was much mortified at the surrender, but a court-martial 

afterwards acquitted Lawrence. 

10. The Peace of Ghent. The battle was fought after 
the conclusion of peace, for, although neither army knew 
of it, a treaty had been signed at Ghent on December 24. 
Some time was consumed in final arrangements. The 
British headquarters were at the Shell Banks on Dauphine 



N 



Frojn Fort Minis to Fort Bowyer 205 

Island, where not a few soldiers died as a result of the two 
battles, and were buried. By the treaty all captured 
property was to be surrendered by each side, but the 
British refused to surrender slaves on the ground that the 
English law did not recognize slavery. They would only 
agree that slaves could return to their masters if they 
wished, and a Louisiana planter got his back by telling 
them in plantation French what awful things the British 
were going to do to them, and others were no less successful. 
It was not until March that everything was arranged and 
Dauphine Island and Fort Bowyer were evacuated. 

11. The Six Militia-Men. During this period a sad 
event occurred at Mobile. Six militia-men had left the 
American army in the Creek country when they thought 
their term of enlistment had expired. The officers con- 
strued the enlistment differently, and the men when re- 
captured were condemned to death for desertion. Jackson 
confirmed the judgment and while the British fleet was 
still at anchor in the Bay the men were carried in a cart 
to what is now the northeast corner of the public park on 
the Bay, where the American army under General Win- 
chester was drawn up. The heads of the militia men were 
covered with white caps, and, as they stood by their 
coffins, a detachment of their comrades shot them down in 
due military form. Only one was not killed outright, and 
he, covered, with blood, crawled forward and sat on his 
coffin. The other five were buried, and he was removed 
to a hospital and died in a few days. This severity marred 
the rejoicing over peace; but at least peace had come, not 
onlv with the British, but with the Creeks.